A vineyard cultivates grapes for wine, juice, and fresh fruit for local markets and consumers. Some vineyards process the grapes for consumption in-house, while others concentrate on the farming aspect, selling directly to wineries in the area.
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Start a vineyard business by following these 10 steps:
- Plan your Vineyard Business
- Form your Vineyard Business into a Legal Entity
- Register your Vineyard Business for Taxes
- Open a Business Bank Account & Credit Card
- Set up Accounting for your Vineyard Business
- Get the Necessary Permits & Licenses for your Vineyard Business
- Get Vineyard Business Insurance
- Define your Vineyard Business Brand
- Create your Vineyard Business Website
- Set up your Business Phone System
We have put together this simple guide to starting your vineyard business. These steps will ensure that your new business is well planned out, registered properly and legally compliant.
Exploring your options? Check out other small business ideas.
STEP 1: Plan your business
A clear plan is essential for success as an entrepreneur. It will help you map out the specifics of your business and discover some unknowns. A few important topics to consider are:
- What will you name your business?
- What are the startup and ongoing costs?
- Who is your target market?
- How much can you charge customers?
Luckily we have done a lot of this research for you.
What will you name your business?
Choosing the right name is important and challenging. If you don’t already have a name in mind, visit our How to Name a Business guide or get help brainstorming a name with our Vineyard Business Name Generator
If you operate a sole proprietorship, you might want to operate under a business name other than your own name. Visit our DBA guide to learn more.
When registering a business name, we recommend researching your business name by checking:
- Your state’s business records
- Federal and state trademark records
- Social media platforms
- Web domain availability
It’s very important to secure your domain name before someone else does.
What are the costs involved in opening a vineyard business?
Because a significant amount of land is required to grow your grape crops, it is important that you do extensive research regarding required start-up capital. Most vintners do not realize a profit for the first three years. Your first year’s budget will be approximately $12,000 an acre. The plants, equipment, tools, pesticides, and trellising are included in this estimate. Second year costs decrease to $1,200 to $1,500 per acre and third year costs will be approximately $1,000 an acre. These figures do not include the cost to purchase or lease land. As a vineyard owner, it is critical that you invest in land that has soil with the right PH balance, proper sunlight, and irrigation. Your land will be one of your highest expenses, so thorough research prior to making any decisions is critical. Purchasing a plot of land in prime vineyard country can set you back anywhere from $100,000 to over $350,000 per acre.
What are the ongoing expenses for a vineyard business?
Managing a vineyard is complicated, with a number of ongoing expenses. In addition to land lease/ownership expenses, your budget should include approximately $8,000 per acre over a three-year period. After the first three years, the crops should be producing grapes, reducing your annual costs to $1,500-$2,000 per acre. Costs include labor, insurance, irrigation, vine cuttings, and machine repair and maintenance.
Who is the target market?
As mentioned, target markets for grape vineyards are not limited to wineries. Since wine grapes are the most profitable, this is the niche that many vineyard owners choose to target. Regardless of which option you choose, be sure to thoroughly research market saturation in your area. Aligning market needs with your passions will make your business venture much more enjoyable and, in turn, profitable.
How does a vineyard business make money?
Vineyards can be set up to process the grapes in-house or to distribute harvested grapes to other local businesses. Before making an initial investment, carefully consider your options. Market needs, coupled with your personal knowledge and experience will assist you in identifying which path will yield the highest profit.
How much can you charge customers?
For a vineyard in full production, recent studies indicate an annual return of $2,500 to $5,000 per acre. These numbers vary depending upon quality and demand.
How much profit can a vineyard business make?
Profits vary depending upon a number of factors. A 35-acre vineyard earning an annual return of $2,500 per acre will see a profit of approximately $88,000.
How can you make your business more profitable?
While the investment and operating costs will be significantly higher, many vineyard owners open their own winery onsite. The increase in annual profits make this a worthy investment. If you own more land than you wish to cultivate, consider leasing acres out to other aspiring vineyard owners in the area. Entrepreneurs with extensive knowledge could educate others on the subject in exchange for education and/or consulting fees.
Want a more guided approach? Access TRUiC’s free Small Business Startup Guide – a step-by-step course for turning your business idea into reality. Get started today!
STEP 2: Form a legal entity
One crucial aspect that cannot be overlooked when starting your vineyard business is the importance of establishing a solid business foundation. While sole proprietorships and partnerships are the most common entity types for small businesses, they’re a far less stable and advantageous option than LLCs.
This is because unincorporated business structures (i.e., sole proprietorships and partnerships) expose you as an owner to personal liability for your business’s debts and legal actions, while LLCs protect you by keeping your personal assets separate from your business’s liabilities.
In practice, this means that if your vineyard business were to face a lawsuit or incur any debts, your savings, home, and other personal assets could not be used to cover these costs. On top of this, forming your business as an LLC also helps it to appear more legitimate and trustworthy.
Ready to Turn Your Business Idea Into a Reality?
Tailor Brands is our top recommendation because it guides you through every step of the formation process with hands-on support — from paperwork and compliance to devising a detailed plan to help you achieve your business goals.
Note: If you’re interested in more information before getting started, we recommend having a look at our state-specific How to Start an LLC guide (DIY) or our in-depth Best LLC Services review (for those opting for a professional service).
STEP 3: Register for taxes
You will need to register for a variety of state and federal taxes before you can open for business.
In order to register for taxes you will need to apply for an EIN. It’s really easy and free!
You can acquire your EIN through the IRS website. If you would like to learn more about EINs, read our article, What is an EIN?
There are specific state taxes that might apply to your business. Learn more about state sales tax and franchise taxes in our state sales tax guides.
STEP 4: Open a business bank account & credit card
Using dedicated business banking and credit accounts is essential for personal asset protection.
When your personal and business accounts are mixed, your personal assets (your home, car, and other valuables) are at risk in the event your business is sued. In business law, this is referred to as piercing your corporate veil.
Open a business bank account
Besides being a requirement when applying for business loans, opening a business bank account:
- Separates your personal assets from your company’s assets, which is necessary for personal asset protection.
- Makes accounting and tax filing easier.
Recommended: Read our Best Banks for Small Business review to find the best national bank or credit union.
Get a business credit card
Getting a business credit card helps you:
- Separate personal and business expenses by putting your business’ expenses all in one place.
- Build your company’s credit history, which can be useful to raise money later on.
Recommended: Apply for an easy approval business credit card from BILL and build your business credit quickly.
STEP 5: Set up business accounting
Recording your various expenses and sources of income is critical to understanding the financial performance of your business. Keeping accurate and detailed accounts also greatly simplifies your annual tax filing.
Make LLC accounting easy with our LLC Expenses Cheat Sheet.
STEP 6: Obtain necessary permits and licenses
Failure to acquire necessary permits and licenses can result in hefty fines, or even cause your business to be shut down.
Federal Business Licensing Requirements
There are federal regulations regarding what can and cannot be added to, sold as, and processed with food. Attached is a resource from the Food and Drug Administration detailing the process of starting a food business: How to Start a Food Business
In addition, it is important to abide by all federal and state laws regarding the sale of alcohol. More information can be found in the section labeled Liquor Licensing & Food Regulations.
State & Local Business Licensing Requirements
Certain state permits and licenses may be needed to operate a vineyard business. Learn more about licensing requirements in your state by visiting SBA’s reference to state licenses and permits.
Most businesses are required to collect sales tax on the goods or services they provide. To learn more about how sales tax will affect your business, read our article, Sales Tax for Small Businesses.
Certificate of Occupancy
A vineyard business is generally run out of a large piece of land. Businesses operating out of a physical location typically require a Certificate of Occupancy (CO). A CO confirms that all building codes, zoning laws and government regulations have been met.
- If you plan to lease a location:
- It is generally the landlord’s responsibility to obtain a CO.
- Before leasing, confirm that your landlord has or can obtain a valid CO that is applicable to a vineyard business.
- After a major renovation, a new CO often needs to be issued. If your place of business will be renovated before opening, it is recommended to include language in your lease agreement stating that lease payments will not commence until a valid CO is issued.
- If you plan to purchase or build a location:
- You will be responsible for obtaining a valid CO from a local government authority.
- Review all building codes and zoning requirements for your business’ location to ensure your vineyard business will be in compliance and able to obtain a CO.
Liquor Licensing & Food Regulations
Businesses involved in the sale of alcoholic beverages are required to obtain a liquor license from the appropriate state or local agency. A comprehensive list of laws by state (including necessary licenses, zoning laws, etc), curated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, is included here.
When selling food, you will need licensing from a local health department; all establishments serving food are required to pass a health inspection. Tips for faring well on a health inspections
STEP 7: Get business insurance
Just as with licenses and permits, your business needs insurance in order to operate safely and lawfully. Business Insurance protects your company’s financial wellbeing in the event of a covered loss.
There are several types of insurance policies created for different types of businesses with different risks. If you’re unsure of the types of risks that your business may face, begin with General Liability Insurance. This is the most common coverage that small businesses need, so it’s a great place to start for your business.
Another notable insurance policy that many businesses need is Workers’ Compensation Insurance. If your business will have employees, it’s a good chance that your state will require you to carry Workers’ Compensation Coverage.
Find out what types of insurance your Vineyard Business needs and how much it will cost you by reading our guide Business Insurance for Vineyard Business.
STEP 8: Define your brand
Your brand is what your company stands for, as well as how your business is perceived by the public. A strong brand will help your business stand out from competitors.
If you already have a logo, you can also add it to a QR code with our Free QR Code Generator. Choose from 13 QR code types to create a code for your business cards and publications, or to help spread awareness for your new website.
How to promote & market a vineyard business
When writing your business plan, carefully consider your target audience and start building those relationships. Attend conferences and workshops, networking whenever the opportunity presents itself. Building these relationships on the front end will ensure you have a reliable buyer once your crops are ready for harvest, as many buyers will add their input and knowledge during the entire crop growing process.
How to keep customers coming back
Your goal is to find a select number of customers, based on your crop’s yield, and maintain a long-lasting relationship with those clients. To do so, it is critical that you consistently deliver quality grapes. Crops should be on time and free of disease. This, coupled with strong customer service, will ensure customer retention.
STEP 9: Create your business website
After defining your brand and creating your logo the next step is to create a website for your business.
While creating a website is an essential step, some may fear that it’s out of their reach because they don’t have any website-building experience. While this may have been a reasonable fear back in 2015, web technology has seen huge advancements in the past few years that makes the lives of small business owners much simpler.
Here are the main reasons why you shouldn’t delay building your website:
- All legitimate businesses have websites – full stop. The size or industry of your business does not matter when it comes to getting your business online.
- Social media accounts like Facebook pages or LinkedIn business profiles are not a replacement for a business website that you own.
- Website builder tools like the GoDaddy Website Builder have made creating a basic website extremely simple. You don’t need to hire a web developer or designer to create a website that you can be proud of.
Recommended: Get started today using our recommended website builder or check out our review of the Best Website Builders.
Other popular website builders are: WordPress, WIX, Weebly, Squarespace, and Shopify.
STEP 10: Set up your business phone system
Getting a phone set up for your business is one of the best ways to help keep your personal life and business life separate and private. That’s not the only benefit; it also helps you make your business more automated, gives your business legitimacy, and makes it easier for potential customers to find and contact you.
There are many services available to entrepreneurs who want to set up a business phone system. We’ve reviewed the top companies and rated them based on price, features, and ease of use. Check out our review of the Best Business Phone Systems 2024 to find the best phone service for your small business.
Recommended Business Phone Service: Phone.com
Phone.com is our top choice for small business phone numbers because of all the features it offers for small businesses and it’s fair pricing.
Is this Business Right For You?
Owning a vineyard is a lifelong dream for many people. Entrepreneurs with a significant amount of capital and a passion for horticulture are best suited for this business venture. Managing a business of this magnitude requires dedication and a love for working outdoors with plants.
Want to know if you are cut out to be an entrepreneur?
Take our Entrepreneurship Quiz to find out!
What happens during a typical day at a vineyard business?
Managing an operation of this magnitude requires consistent, hands-on care of your crops. Your vineyard’s success is dependent on placement of crops, lighting, water quality, and health of the soil. Since this type of crop can be very sensitive to these outside elements, testing and supervision should remain consistent year round. Management of your vineyard’s crop, however, is just one component. You must also cultivate and nurture relationships with current and prospective customers. This ensures your crop has a final destination once harvesting is complete.
What are some skills and experiences that will help you build a successful vineyard business?
There is a great deal that goes into managing a healthy and profitable grape vineyard. Substantial knowledge in plant production, pest control, harvesting, and post-harvest handling is a must. This, however, is just one ingredient. Your vineyard will require the hard work of multiple staff members. Therefore, your skill set must include employee management, attention to detail, financial management, marketing, and the ability to delegate. In this industry, it is important that you recognize your strengths and weaknesses, building a team of professionals that complement your abilities. Hands-on experience would prove invaluable to your vineyard’s long-term success.
If selling your grapes to wineries is part of your business plan, knowledge of what grapes are best for each type of wine is important. Developing a close relationship with the winemakers you plan to sell to will ensure the right decisions regarding crop maintenance are made. There are a number of educational resources available to aid you in your in your quest for a successful vineyard. Purdue University Extension and the Indiana Wine Grape Council have quality educational programs. Attending conferences and workshops, reading printed publications on the subject, and one-on-one consultations would all prove helpful as you get started on this business venture.
What is the growth potential for a vineyard business?
The wine industry, particularly in the Midwest, has grown exponentially over the last decade. While new wineries continue to open, vineyards have not expanded at the same pace. As a result, demand for quality grapes is high. This has led to significant business opportunities for entrepreneurs with dreams of running a grape vineyard. While grapes grown for wine typically yield more growth and profit, there is still great opportunity in the juice and table fruit facets of the industry.
Take the Next Step
Find a business mentor
One of the greatest resources an entrepreneur can have is quality mentorship. As you start planning your business, connect with a free business resource near you to get the help you need.
Having a support network in place to turn to during tough times is a major factor of success for new business owners.
Learn from other business owners
Want to learn more about starting a business from entrepreneurs themselves? Visit Startup Savant’s startup founder series to gain entrepreneurial insights, lessons, and advice from founders themselves.
Resources to Help Women in Business
There are many resources out there specifically for women entrepreneurs. We’ve gathered necessary and useful information to help you succeed both professionally and personally:
- Funding
- Events
- Guides
- Support
If you’re a woman looking for some guidance in entrepreneurship, check out this great new series Women in Business created by the women of our partner Startup Savant.
What are some insider tips for jump starting a vineyard business?
Experienced vintners offer the following advice:
- When researching your land investment, the United States Department of Agriculture or the National Institute of Food and Agriculture extension should prove to be an invaluable resource.
- If you are unfamiliar with the various types of grapes, the National Grape Registry offers a complete and detailed listing, as does The Vitis International Variety Catalogue.
- Should you require guidance in selecting a location for wine grapes, The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau can provide you with the necessary information.
- You will need to plan ahead when it comes to ordering your grape vines, as grape nurseries grow vines for the next year’s planting season. When placing your order, be sure to specify that you wish to only have one year old vines. This will help ensure you receive healthy, productive plants. Prior to placing your order, make sure the nursery provides you with proper certification.
How and when to build a team
Vineyards of three to five acres can be managed by one person throughout most of the year. You will require additional hands during pruning and harvest season. Farms over five acres will require year round assistance. Each team member must be knowledgeable about grapes and vineyards, able to identify any issues as they arise. Students and migrant workers are a viable option for the more laborious seasonal help. Labor studies indicate years two and three require the largest number of man hours – almost five thousand hours for a 35-acre farm in the second year and a little over four thousand hours in the third year.
For a business of this magnitude, it is recommended that you seek professional guidance. A financial advisor, attorney, and insurance agent can offer you the guidance needed to make informed decisions regarding the management of your enterprise. Many experienced vineyard owners hire a vineyard management company to ensure a strategy for success from day one.